EZH2 immunoexpression in pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma and clinicopathological features

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The study included 16 ACC cases and 12 PA. All ACC and PA cases were positive for EZH2 and the ACC samples showed significantly higher EZH2 expression. The clinical and microscopic covariates were described in relation to EZH2 staining in ACC samples. The highest mean values of EZH2 were observed in cases with local metastasis, recurrence, perineural invasion, and predominantly cribriform growth pattern without solid areas. EZH2 is a potential marker of malignancy.

Mast cells in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam contact

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: an international multicenter study

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Evaluation of the expression of nerve fiber markers in healthy and inflamed dental pulp

Abstract The diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis (IP) depends on clinical data, especially the chief complaint of the patient, visual inspection, response to the application of stimuli, and radiographic examination. The characterization of nerve fibers (NF) in IP may contribute to better interpret painful symptoms, but has been barely explored. This study sought to characterize the density and integrity of NF in 16 samples of IP and in five healthy pulps (HP) using S-100 and PGP 9.5 markers. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the density/mm2 of S-100+ and PGP 9.5+ in NF. The amount of degenerated NF was obtained by subtracting the total NF density from the amount of intact NF. Associations between NF density and integrity and symptomatology were calculated. All samples were positive for S-100 and PGP 9.5. Compared to HP samples (38.20/mm2), IP samples had a lower density of intact NF (6.24/mm2). A significantly higher density of degenerated NF was found in IP samples with spontaneous pain (39.59/mm2) compared to those with provoked pain (23.96/mm2) (p = 0.02). No association was observed between intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and NF density and integrity (p > 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that pulpitis may involve different stages of degeneration and may be more advanced in cases with spontaneous pain. The symptoms reported by affected individuals do not appear to depend on the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, but rather on the integrity of NF.

Clinicopathologic analysis of oral dermoid and epidermoid cysts: a Brazilian multicenter study

Abstract Dermoid cysts (DCs) and epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon developmental cysts affecting the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate patients with oral DCs and ECs and their demographic and clinicopathologic features. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 105,077 biopsy records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from seven Brazilian oral pathology centers were analyzed. All cases diagnosed as oral DCs and ECs were reviewed, and clinical, demographic, and histopathological data were collected. The series comprised 32 DCs (31.4%) and 70 ECs (68.6%). Most of the DCs occurred on the floor of the mouth (n = 14; 45.2%) of women (n = 17; 53.1%) with a mean age of 34.6 ± 21.6 years. All DCs were lined partially or entirely by stratified squamous epithelium (100%). Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were observed in the fibrous capsule . Most of the ECs affected the labial mucosa (n = 20; 31.7%) of men (n = 39; 56.5%) with a mean age of 48.0±19.8 years. Microscopically, most ECs (n = 68; 97.1%) were lined entirely by stratified squamous epithelium. Two cysts (2.9%) showed areas of respiratory metaplasia. Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were also observed in the fibrous capsule. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment of choice in all cases. Oral DCs and ECs are uncommon and often clinically misdiagnosed lesions. Clinicians should consider DCs and ECs in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located on the floor of the mouth and labial mucosa.

Contribution of public oral pathology services to the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System.

Biological effects of formulation containing curcuminoids and Bidens Pilosa L. in oral carcinoma cell line

Abstract: FITOPROT, which contains curcuminoids and Bidens pilosa L. extract, is an innovative mucoadhesive formulation indicated for the topical treatment of chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM) in patients with advanced and visible oral squamous cell carcinoma. The formulation is used as a mouthwash directly on tumor tissue of patients with advanced neoplasms, without triggering cancer cell proliferation or tumor invasiveness. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of FITOPROT on an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-4). The viability of SCC-4 cells was assessed after exposure to FITOPROT using MTT reduction assay. The effects of the mucoadhesive formulation on cell cycle progression and cell death parameters were evaluated using flow cytometry. In addition, the inflammatory profile of the tumor cells was evaluated using the cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. FITOPROT promoted a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial membrane potential was also altered after exposure to the formulation (p < 0.05), in parallel with a reduction in VEGF and IL-8 production (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). In summary, the results indicate that FITOPROT reduces SCC-4 cell viability, promotes cell cycle arrest, modulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and exhibits antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, thus indicating its potential for topical use in patients with OM and visible tumors in the mouth.

Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases: a Brazilian multicenter study of 10, 381 cases and literature review

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases in different regions of Brazil and to compare with data from the literature. A multicenter study was carried out in four Brazilian referral centers in oral diagnosis. Histopathological records were reviewed, and all cases diagnosed microscopically as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst, and periapical abscess were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. A total of 10,381 cases of chronic inflammatory periapical diseases were found (13.8% of 74,931 archived specimens) over a period of 65 years. Radicular cysts were the most common lesion (59.9%). Women (56.1%) with a mean age of 37.01 years old (range 13 to 100 ± 14.42) and people of white skin color (59.2%) were the most affected individuals by chronic inflammatory periapical diseases. The lesions were generally asymptomatic (28.1%), located in the maxilla (60.1%), and posterior region (49.8%). The radicular cysts were larger when compared to periapical granulomas (p < 0.001). The disagreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnoses was higher when the final diagnosis was a periapical granuloma (p < 0.001). Chronic inflammatory periapical diseases continue to be common lesions affecting mainly adults. This should be a consequence of the burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth. Women are more affected and radicular cyst was the most common lesion.

Effects of a mucoadhesive formulation containing Curcuma longa L. on oral wound healing

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a topical mucoadhesive formulation with Curcuma longa L. extract (MFC) on oral wound healing. Methods: Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Control, Vehicle, and MFC. Traumatic ulcers were made on the dorsum of the tongue with a 3-mm diameter punch. Vehicle and MFC groups received application of the products twice a day, while animals in the control group were cared for in identical conditions but received no product application. Six rats in each group were euthanized at days 3, 5, 10, and 14. Percentage of repair was calculated based on wound area. HE-stained histological sections were obtained for semi-quantitative analysis of re-epithelization and inflammation. Results: Clinical findings revealed that at days 3 and 5, animals from the MFC group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of wound repair. At day 5, animals from this group also demonstrated a significant increase in the degree of re-epithelization and inflammation. Conclusions: MFC is capable of accelerating oral wound repair in an in vivo model by modulating the inflammatory process and stimulating epithelial proliferation. (AU)

FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young and older patients

Abstract Regulatory T (Treg) cells can suppress antitumor immune response, but little is known about possible age-related differences in the number of these cells in the microenvironment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of this study was to determine the number of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the microenvironment of OTSCC in young (≤ 45 years) and older (≥ 60 years) patients, and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters (sex, tumor size/extent, regional lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, and histopathological grade of malignancy). Forty-eight OTSCCs (24 diagnosed in young patients and 24 diagnosed in older patients) were selected. Lymphocytes exhibiting nuclear immunopositivity for FoxP3 were quantified at the tumor invasive front and the results were analyzed statistically using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. FoxP3+ lymphocytes were observed in all cases assessed. The number of FoxP3+ lymphocytes in OTSCC tended to be higher in older patients (p = 0.055). Analysis of OTSCC in males and in early clinical stages revealed a higher number of Treg cells in older patients than in young ones (p < 0.05). In older patients, the number of Treg cells tended to be higher in smaller tumors (p = 0.079). Tumors with intense inflammatory infiltrate exhibited a larger number of Treg cells, both in young (p = 0.099) and older patients (p = 0.005). The results suggest a greater participation of Treg cells in immunoinflammatory responses in the microenvironment of OTSCC in older patients, particularly in males and in early stages.

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma mimicking periapical abscess

Abstract Lesions of non-endodontic origin may mimic periapical abscess. Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant lesion. Case report The present report describes a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the periapical region of teeth #29, #30, and #31 of an 18-year-old male. Clinical history showed self-reported discomfort in the right posterior gingiva for over a month. Physical examination showed a small expansion and redness of the right mandibular buccal and lingual cortical plates, but no signs of pain or inflammation were observed. All the teeth responded positively to pulp sensibility. Periapical and panoramic radiographs showed slight periapical radiolucency in the roots of teeth #29 and #30, clear periodontal ligament space widening, and evident loss of lamina dura. Incisional biopsy was performed, and based on microscopic findings the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was confirmed. Conclusions Non-endodontic diseases associated with tooth root apex, such as chondroblastic osteosarcoma, should be included in differential diagnosis of jaw lesions that resemble periapical abscess.

Endodontic material diffusion in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinus aspergillosis / Patogênese da aspergilose do seio maxilar associada à difusão de material endodôntico

Uma sequela indesejável do tratamento endodôntico é a extrusão do material obturador no seio maxilar, o que pode representar um fator de risco para desenvolvimento da aspergilose do seio maxilar (ASM). Diversas apresentações clínicas da ASM têm sido relatadas e variam de acordo com estado imunológico do hospedeiro. A forma não invasiva Aspergillus mycetomaocorre principalmente em pessoas saudáveis. Este estudo descreve um caso clínico de ASM associada à sobreextensão do tratamento endodôntico em paciente do gênero masculino, 27 anos. O paciente estava assintomático durante 6 anos após concluído o tratamento endodôntico. A radiografia revelou uma massa radiopaca difusa no interior do seio maxilar esquerdo, com áreas radiolúcidas perto do osso cortical do seio maxilar. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) evidenciou material com uma densidade semelhante à do tecido mole. Os achados radiográficos sugerem calcificação preenchendo o antro maxilar esquerdo, sem expansão ou destruição óssea. A lesão foi removida e a análise microscópica revelou processo inflamatório com numerosas hifas dicotomizadas compatível com o Aspergillus sp. O tratamento consistiu em cirurgia e terapia antifúngica adjuvante com itraconazol. O acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico não revelou recorrência da lesão.

One undesirable sequela of root canal treatment is the overextension of endodontic material into the maxillary sinus, which may represent a risk factor for maxillary sinus aspergillosis (MSA). Diverse clinical presentations of aspergillosis have been reported and they vary depending on the immune status of the host. The noninvasive form called Aspergillus mycetoma occurs mostly in healthy people. This report describes a case of MSA associated with root canal overfilling in a 27-year-old healthy man. The patient had been asymptomatic for 6 years after root canal treatment. Radiography revealed a diffuse radiopaque mass inside the left maxillary sinus, with radiolucent areas near the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus. Computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of material with a density similar to that of soft tissue. Imaging findings suggested that the calcification filled the left maxillary antrum, without expansion or bone destruction. The lesion was removed, and microscopic examination of the specimen revealed an inflammatory process with numerous dichotomized fungal structures (compatible with Aspergillus sp.). Histopathological features were compatible with aspergillosis. Treatment consisted of surgery and adjunctive anti-fungal therapy with itraconazole. Clinical and radiographic follow-up revealed no recurrence of the lesion.

Epidermoid cyst: highlights on diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging features / Cisto epidermóide: processo de diagnóstico e características das imagens por ressonância magnética

Purpose: Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are extremely rare developmental cysts of a benign nature, which may occur anywhere in the body, although about 7% are found in the head and neck. This article reports a clinical case of a patient who had an epidermoid cyst and its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Case report: This case discusses an epidermoid cyst in a 36-year-old woman complaining about speech difficulty. Clinical examination revealed an extensive swelling on the floor of the mouth. MRI findings showed a cystic homogenous lesion located underneath the mylohyoid muscle which was removed by surgery. Histological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. Conclusion: We concluded that MRI was considered useful for a more accurate diagnosis prior to treatment.

Proposta: Cistos epidermóide e dermóide são cistos de desenvolvimento extremamente raros, de natureza benigna, que podem ocorrer em qualquer região do corpo e somente 7% são encontrados na região de cabeça e pescoço. Este artigo apresenta o caso clínico de uma paciente que possuía um cisto epidermóide juntamente com as características das imagens por ressonância magnética. Descrição do caso: Paciente do gênero feminino, 36 anos, apresentou-se com queixa de dificuldade de fonação e deglutição. O exame clínico intrabucal revelou uma extensa tumefação em soalho bucal. As imagens por ressonância magnética indicaram uma lesão de natureza cística, homogênea, de conteúdo sólido e localizada abaixo do músculo milohiódeo. A lesão foi enucleada e encaminhada para exame anatomopatológico, cujo diagnóstico foi compatível com cisto epidermóide. Conclusão: A imagem por ressonância magnética foi essencial para determinar as características da lesão de acordo com a sua localização anatômica.

O papel do laser de baixa intensidade e da cloredidina 0, 12% no tratamento da mucosite bucal em crianças leucêmicas submetidas à quimioterapia / The utilization of the low energy laser and chlorexidine 0, 12% in the management of oral mucositis due to chemotherapy unn children with leukemia

No tratamento das leucemias é utilizada a quimioterapia, que apresenta vários efeitos colaterais. A mucosite bucal é a principal causa de dor durante a quimioterapia e a complicação mais comum dotratamento para neoplasias hematológicas. Esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o uso do laser debaixa intensidade e da clorexidina 0,12% no tratamento da mucosite bucal decorrente de quimioterapiaem crianças leucêmicas. A amostra foi constituída por 10 crianças (Grupo Experimental) com leucemia aguda submetidas à quimioterapia e portadoras de mucosite bucal Graus I, II ou III, atendidas noHospital Araújo Jorge da Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás. Também fazia parte da amostra, dados de 24 prontuários de pacientes infantis com leucemia aguda, tratados no mesmo hospital, que apresentaram mucosite bucal como intercorrência do tratamento de quimioterapia. Os pacientes do Grupo Experimental foram aleatoriamente distribuídos para receber o tratamento 1 (clorexidina 0,12%) ou 2 (laser). A presença e o grau de mucosite eram avaliados pelo mesmo examinador. Para comparação, os dados de prontuários de pacientes previamente tratados foram registrados, sendo que para estes, era utilizado apenas o tratamento sintomático da mucosite bucal. Os registros, da mesma forma, eram anotados quanto à presença e grau de mucosite. A mucosite bucal foi menos freqüente e teve menor tempo de duração no grupo que recebeu tratamento (clorexidina ou laser) do que no gruposem tratamento. A associação das várias formas de tratamento (higiene bucal, clorexidina e laser) leva à redução do número de episódios de mucosite bem como menor duração das lesões

Chemotherapy, which presents several side effects, is used in the management of leukemia. Oral mucositis is the main cause of pain during chemotherapy and is the most common complication in the management of hematological cancer. The aim of the current study was to investigate the utilization of the low-energy laser and the use of chlorexidine 0,12% in the management of oral mucositis due to chemotherapy in children with leukemia. The study group was composed of 10 children with acute leukemia, who developed oral mucositis grade I, II, or III, and who underwent chemotherapy at the Araújo Jorge Hospital at the Combat Cancer Association of Goias. 24 case records of infant patients with acute leukemia, who were managed at the already mentioned hospital, and who developed oral mucositis as intercurrence of chemotherapy, were also included. The patients in the Study Group were randomized tobe treated with 1 (chlorexidine 0,12%) or 2 (laser). The presence and the degree of mucositis being evaluated by the same examiner. For comparison, data in the charts of patients previously treated were registered. For these patients, just the symptomatic treatment of the oral mucositis was used. The data about the presence and degree of mucositis were equally logged. Oral mucositis was less frequent and had a shorter period of duration in the treated group (chlorexidine or laser) than in the untreated group. The association of various forms of treatment (oral hygiene, chlorhexidine and laser) decreases the number of mucositis occurrences and shortens duration of the lesions

Complicações bucais da quimioterapia e radioterapia no tratamento do câncer / Oral complications of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in cancer treatment

O câncer em geral tem apresentado uma alta incidência no decorrer dos anos. O seu tratamento consiste em inibir a proliferação excessiva de células neoplásicas, podendo incluir cirurgia, quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Esses dois últimos métodos acarretam efeitos colaterais, vários deles na cavidade bucal. É importante ressaltar que a irradiação provoca alterações bucais apenas quando atinge a região de cabeça e pescoço. Dentre estas, destacam-se: mucosite, xerostomia, neurotoxicidade, hipogeusia, trismo muscu-lar, osteorradionecrose, sangramento gengival, candidose, herpes labial e queilite angu-lar. Portanto, não só o câncer bucal afeta a boca, mas também a terapia dos diversos tipos de câncer. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é, através de uma ampla revisão de literatura, orientar o cirurgião-dentista no acompanhamento do paciente submetido à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia na região de cabeça e pescoço e ressaltar a importância de sua participação numa equipe multidisciplinar para prevenir, diagnosticar, controlar e tratar os efeitos colaterais na boca. Dessa forma, pode-se oferecer qualidade de vida e aumentar as possibilidades de sucesso do tratamento, não só através do uso de medicamentos, mas também por meio da motivação do paciente, aprimorando suas habilidades para higienização e os cuidados com a saúde bucal. Observa-se que não há um protocolo padrão para o controle dessas complicações bucais, pela variedade de métodos e substâncias estudados e pesquisados para este fim.

Programa de de prevençäo do câncer bucal no município de Goiânia / Program of prevention of the oral cancer in the municipal district of Goiânia

No ano de 1996, foi desenvolvido no município de Goiânia um programa de prevençäo contra o câncer bucal cujas informaçöes eram transmitidas, à populaçäo em geral, através dos meios de comunicaçäo, palestras, painés o auto-exame bucal. Os pacientes eram examinados, conscientizados e, quando necessário, encaminhados para as clínicas da Faculdade de Odontologia - UFG e do Hospital Araújo Jorge. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes ainda säo pouco informados sobre as consequências das neoplasias e que a eficácia e o sucesso de um programa de prevençäo contra o câncer bucal necessita, fundamentalmente, da ajuda dos programas de saúde bucal desenvolvido no Estado de Goiás

Cisto ósseo traumático: relato de caso / Traumatic bone cyst: case report

Os autores relataram um caso de cisto ósseo traumático localizado na regiäo de corpo mandibular direito em um paciente de 16 anos de idade. O tratamento instituído consistiu numa abordagem cirúrgica para exposiçäo da cavidade óssea e estabelecimento de sangramento em seu interior. Após 1 ano de "follow-up" houve completa neoformaçäo óssea na área.

Tumor odontogênico adenomatóide associado a pré-molar retido / Adenomatois odontogenic tumour associated to impacted premolar

Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de tumor odontogênico adenomatóide associado ao 1§ pré-molar superior retido e discutem alguns pontos referentes a origem desse tumor no complexo maxilo-mandibular

Estudo do processamento e da exaustäo com filme periapical Ektaspeed, processado nas soluçöes Kodak (convencional) e Inodon (monobanho), através da análise subjetiva e das densidades ópticas e de volume de prata / Study of processing and of exhaustion with Ektaspeed periapical film, processed in Kodak solutions (conventional) and Inodon (monobth), across subjective analysis and of optical density and of silver volume

Para esta pesquisa foi selecionado o filme Ektaspeed (EP-21) processado nas soluçöes Kodak (convencional) e Inodon (monobanho), tendo como meios de avaliaçäo métodos consagrados em radiologia odontológica, tais como densidade óptica, avaliaçäo subjetiva, medidas de pH e cor, utilizando ainda metodologia introduzida recentemente, que é a quantificaçäo de prata metálica na emulsäo radiográfica pela densidade de volume. Os propósitos básicos deste trabalho foram, verificar o tempo de processamento adequado e a atividade química (exaustäo) das soluçöes utilizando a quantidade de 25 ml. O tempo de processamento adequado quando a temperatura era mantida em 22ºC em ambas as soluçöes foi de 4 minutos, embora com tempos de 2 e 3 minutos, obteve-se radiografias com qualidade satisfatória para o diagnóstico. Os resultados de densidade óptica permitiram a representaçäo gráfica através de um traçado característico e serviram para controle e comparaçäo com a densidade de volume de prata, tanto no experimento de processamento, quanto para o teste com fins de verificar a exaustäo destas soluçöes. Com referência à ativiadde química das soluçöes (exaustäo), a soluçäo Kodak foi a que apresentou resultados mais satisfatórios quando comparada à Inodon, provavelmente devido à perda muito rápida da atividade fixadora da soluçäo monobanho. Verificamos que na 45ª radiografia do simulador de mandíbula no processamento Kodak já mostrava sinais indicativos de exaustäo pelo aparecimento de estrias na imagem radiográfica. No processamento da soluçäo Inodon, a partir da 10ª radiografia do simulador percebia-se uma certa dificuldade de fixaçäo da imagem e ainda uma boa atividade de revelaçäo do líquido monobanho. Através da análise microscópica dos filmes radiográficos foram constatadas alteraçöes morfológicas e quantitativas de prata metálica formada em funçäo do tempo de exposiçäo, tempo de processamento e exaustäo das soluçöes empregadas neste estudo...